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Many organizations utilize traditional wire-based networking technologies to establish connections among computers. These technologies fall into the following three main categories namely LAN, MAN & WAN.

These traditional networking technologies offer tremendous capabilities from an office, hotel room, or home. Activities such as communicating via e-mail with someone located in a faraway town or conveniently accessing product information from the World Wide Web are the result of widespread networking. But limitations to networking through the wire-based system exist because you can not utilize these network services unless you are physically connected to a LAN or a telephone system.

Wireless networks are stretching their legs day by day. With the increasing no. of mobile users wireless technology has become inevitable. Wireless networking is the first step towards the mobile communication system. As for wireless networking we use certain protocols for the communication thus definitely we need protocols for mobile communication. These protocols as in wireless networks are called Mobile IP or Mobile Internet Protocol.

The day will arrive, hastened by Mobile IP, when no person will ever feel “lost” or out of touch. As people move from place to place with their laptop, keeping connected to the network can become a challenging and sometimes frustrating and expensive proposition. The goal is that with widespread deployment of the mobile networking technologies described here automatic communications with globally inter-connected computing resources will be considered as natural for people on the move as it is for people sitting at a high performance workstation in their office. In the near future communicating via laptop should be as natural as using telephone.

Although the Internet offers access to information sources worldwide, typically we do not expect to benefit from that access until we arrive at some familiar point --whether home, office, or school. However, the increasing variety of wireless devices offering IP connectivity, such as personal digital assistants, handhelds, and digital cellular phones, is beginning to change our perceptions of the Internet.

Mobile IP is a proposed standard protocol that builds on the Internet Protocol by making mobility transparent to applications and higher-level protocols like TCP. This paper aims at discussing the design principles of Mobile IP and how it can be incorporated with the already existing Internet architecture.

Mobile Internet Protocol is a new recommended Internet protocol designed to support the mobility of a user (host). Host mobility is becoming important because of the recent blossoming of laptop computers and the high desire to have continuous network connectivity anywhere the host happens to be. The development of Mobile IP makes this possible.

There are mainly three processes in Mobile IP:

1. Agent Discovery: The process by which a Mobile node determines its current location and obtains the care of address.

2. Registration: The process by which a Mobile node request service from a foreign agent on foreign link and informs its home agent of its current care-off address.

3. Tunneling: The specific mechanism by which packets are routed to and from a Mobile node that is connected to a foreign link.

Mobile Computing is becoming increasingly important due to the rise in the number of portable computers and the desire to have continuous network connectivity to the Internet irrespective of the physical location of the node. The Internet infrastructure is built on top of a collection of protocols, called the TCP/IP protocol suite. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are the core protocols in this suite. IP requires the location of any host connected to the Internet to be uniquely identified by an assigned IP address. This raises one of the most important issues in mobility, because when a host moves to another physical location, it has to change its IP address. However, the higher level protocols require IP address of a host to be fixed for identifying connections.

The Mobile Internet Protocol (Mobile IP) is an extension to the Internet Protocol proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that addresses this issue. It enables mobile computers to stay connected to the Internet regardless of their location and without changing their IP address.

Mobile IP specifies enhancements that allow transparent routing of IP datagrams to mobile nodes in the Internet. Each mobile node is always identified by its home address, regardless of its current point of attachment to the Internet. While situated away from its home, a mobile node is also associated with a care-of address, which provides information about its current point of attachment to the Internet. The protocol provides for registering the care-of address with a home agent. The home agent sends datagrams destined for the mobile node through a tunnel to the care-of address. After arriving at the end of the tunnel, each datagram is then delivered to the mobile node.

Regardless of the movement between different networks connectivity at the different points is achieved easily. Roaming from a wired network to wireless or wide area network is also done with ease. Mobile IP is a part of both IPV4 and IPV6.

The description of the core differences between the present protocol Ipv4 and the future protocol Ipv6 such as scalability, security, realtimeness, Plug and Play, Clear spec. and optimizations are looked. Covered next is the difference between the headers schemes of the IPV4 the currently used Protocol Vs IPV6 the up-coming sensation in the Internet World. Well you are using it then you should be aware of what are the advantages of the thing and thus here it covers the Advantages of IPV6 over IPV4.